2025 International Conference on Sensing, Measurement & Data Analytics in the era of Artificial Intelligence (ICSMD 2025)

Modern turbines are widely utilized in industrial production, transportation and other fields, where the overspeed protector monitors the speed of the turbine in real time and outputs the corresponding control signal of the current speed to protect the safe operation of the turbine power system. This paper presents a fast and high precision overspeed protector based on FPGA independent data processing. The design is divided into three main modules: waveform processing, data measurement and logic control. The waveform processing module is mainly composed of analog shaping circuit and digital low-pass filter. In the data measurement module, the equal precision measurement of speed and the design of serial divider are realized. Finally, the logic control module outputs the overspeed protection signal according to the measured value of the current speed, and uses FIFO to compare the speed change trend, so as to detect the fault, prevent the false trigger caused by the sensor fault, and improve the accuracy of the overspeed detection. The entire process is managed by a finite state machine, and a single speed detection is completed within 10ms, preventing safety hazards to the power system due to measurement timeouts.

Speed measurement; FPGA; Waveform processing