2026 International Conference on Networks Computers and Communications (ICNCCom 2026)

This paper presents the design of a compact circular ring patch antenna for generating orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode at 5 GHz. The TM21 mode is created by feeding a circular ring patch with a coaxial probe. The proposed antenna is very simple and compact for producing an OAM mode (l = 1), as it only includes one circular ring. All parameters of the proposed antenna are obtained from CST Microwave Studio, such as reflection coefficient (S11), radiation characteristics, electric field distribution, and phase distribution. Simulated results show that there is good impedance matching at 5 GHz with S11 less than −10dB. Theradiation pattern exhibits a doughnut-shaped profile with a null along the beam axis, which is a characteristic feature of OAM beams. The phase distribution is continuous over the entire azimuthal range of 0◦–360◦, as observed from a central point, resulting in a helical wavefront corresponding to the OAM mode (l = 1). This antenna configuration represents a low-profile and compact approach to generate OAM. It exhibits a maximum gain of around 10 dB and a radiation efficiency of approximately 90%. Due to its ease of integration with existing technologies, the proposed design can be considered a viable candidate for applications in OAM-based wireless communication systems.

Orbital angular momentum (OAM), ring patch antenna, TM21 mode