The 9th International Conference on Matter and Radiation at Extremes (ICMRE2026) ( ICMRE2026)

Supersonic radiation heat waves represent a fundamental phenomenon in extreme high-energy-density physics, and understanding their propagation characteristics is essential for both astrophysical evolution and inertial confinement fusion (ICF) research^[1-2]. Tantalum pentoxide (Ta₂O₅) aerogel, as a candidate liner material for ICF hohlraums, exhibits substantial uncertainties in theoretical predictions of its radiative opacity and related material properties. In this work, we conduct supersonic radiation transport experiments on a large laser facility, measuring time-resolved radiation fluxes from the source and after propagation through low-density Ta₂O₅ aerogel samples of varying lengths (1000, 1200, and 1400 μm). A Bayesian inference framework^[3] is established to deeply integrate radiation-hydrodynamic simulations with experimental data, yielding correction factors for the radiative opacity, equation of state of Ta₂O₅ (ηop, ηEOS), and the albedo of Au-tube (ηalb) that simultaneously reproduce experimental results across all three propagation distances. Based on these calibrated parameters, we further elucidate their effects on evaluating the Mach number and optical depth during the propagation of supersonic radiation heat waves. This study provides an effective methodology for constraining the material properties of complex high-Z compounds, while offering essential benchmark data for radiation transport modeling. The results have significant implications for ICF target design and astrophysical modeling

Radiative opacity,Bayesian Analysis,Supersonic Radiative Heat Wave