The Xiamen Symposium on Marine Environmental Sciences (XMAS 2027)

Industries and countries have an arsenal of management measures to achieve sustainable activities respectively both in a small area (a footprint) and for a defined environmental status for larger areas covering their estuaries, seas and coasts. The latter regional status is particularly the case for the European environmental directives but also in Canada, USA, Australia and other countries. If an area does not meet this status, then the country must adopt and publish management solutions such as those termed Programmes of Measures (PoM) to achieve the required status. At the smaller scale, industries carrying out activities require to undertake operational and compliance management based on requirements laid down by statutory bodies. The so-called ten-tenets were long-proposed to indicate actions and management measures to achieve sustainable and successful marine management: these should cover ecology, economics, technology, society, politics, culture, legislation, administration, ethics and communication. However, the paper shows that these different management measures are required, directed and/or performed by different actors, both regulators and activity managers. We further show the links between these types of measures within the continuum from an Ecosystem-Based Approach (EBA, setting the priorities/polices), to Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM, operationalisation through management and governance) and then using tools, including legal, technological and economic instruments, now termed Ecosystem-Based Technical Measures (EBTM) through Ecosystem-based Science (EBS). The overlap in the measures and the way of prioritising marine management actions are described.