Adaptive X-Ray Optics III

Adaptive optics is a well-established technology, first developed for correcting wavefront errors due to atmospheric turbulence. Its applications are expanding into areas ranging from ophthalmology to laser communications, from industrial laser aberration corrections to microscopy. At slower cadence, active optics enables the adjustment of orientation, focal length, and low-order figure of mirrors, in order to compensate for gravitational, thermal, or manufacturing deformations. While these applications are mainly for infrared and visible (normal-incidence) optical systems, synchrotron light sources have implemented deformable x-ray (grazing-incidence) mirrors. This conference will broadly explore the extension of the tools and techniques of adaptive and active optics into the x-ray domain, both for terrestrial (lab-based and synchrotron) and for in-space (x-ray telescope) applications. Topics covered include the following: adaptive and active optics tools and techniques potential applications and limitations in the x-ray region technologies needed for adaptive and active x-ray optics fabrication and metrology for active optics x-ray beam shaping and characterization bimorph actuators and figure control optimization criteria and control algorithms in situ x-ray and visible-light sensing high-precision sensing and control thermal compensation and control Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) and other novel technologies for active optics.